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Sudan is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. Sudan's economy boomed on the back of increases in oil production, high oil prices, and large inflows of foreign direct investment. 

Sudan, once the largest and one of the most geographically diverse states in Africa, split into two countries in July 2011 after the people of the south voted for independence.

Agriculture production remains Sudan's most-important sector, employing 80 percent of the workforce and contributing 39 percent of GDP, but most farms remain rain-fed and susceptible to drought. Instability, adverse weather and weak world-agricultural prices ensures that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years.

Sudan is attempting to develop non-oil sources of revenues, such as gold mining, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. The world’s largest exporter of gum Arabic, Sudan produces 75-80% of the world’s total output. 

Primary resources are agricultural, but cotton, peanuts, Arabic Gum, and sesame seed production and export are taking on greater importance. Although the country is trying to diversify its cash crops, cotton and peanuts remain its major agricultural exports. Sesame seeds and peanuts are cultivated for domestic consumption and increasingly for export. Livestock production has vast potential, and many animals, particularly cows, sheep, and camels, are exported to Saudi Arabia, and other Arab countries. 

Sudan’s most important export is gold (70 percent of total exports) followed by livestock, oil, arabic gum, cotton, seeds, insect resins.

Main export partners of Sudan are China, India, UAE, Japan, Saudi Arabia and Italy. 

Customs requirements of Sudan

Sudan Customs Contacts

Website: http://customs.gov.sd/en 

Sudan is a country situated in the Nile Valley of North Africa or East Africa, bordered by Egypt, the Red Sea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, Chad and Libya. It is the third largest country in Africa. Sudan is a member of African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), World Trade Organization (observer), World Customs Organization and other international organizations. 

Import Regulations

All importers have to apply for an Import License giving the complete product details and approximate value of the total imports to the Ministry of Commerce in the prescribed form. In case the importer does not have an import license they have to pay a fee of 2% of the CIF value during customs clearance.

For Imports through Kaya border the customs clearance has to be done at the border or at Yei. With regard to imports through Kapoeta the customs clearance can be done at the border or at Juba. Presently at Yei, customs are taxed under a tariff regime of 0 to 20%. At Juba the regime is from 0 to 45%. All vehicles custom cleared at Yei can also be registered at Juba.

Import through Port Sudan by sea, Khartoum & Juba by air. All importers need registration in the Import/Export Registry at the Ministry of Foreign Trade.

Tax exemptions are given to all imports made by registered NGOs, Government tenderers, specific projects and imports made under investment policy. Exemption is issued by both Central Government at Khartoum and GOSS Government.

The prohibited items are:

• Endangered Species
• Elephant tusks
• Rhinoceros Horns
• Skins of endangered species
• Narcotics
• Fertilizers
• Genetically modified seeds
• Agricultural chemicals.
• Antiques
• Military Equipment, arms & ammunition

Import Declaration Form

All commercial imports into Sudan require an IDF. When the importer applies for an IDF, the information to be filled in is provided by the supplier vide a Proforma Invoice.

1. The following are the information required in the Proforma Invoice:

• Specification and clear description of the quantity and quality of the goods.
• Free on Board ( FOB ) Value.
• Freight value ( if applicable)
• Currency of payment
• Mode of transportation
• Country of Origin of the goods issued by the competent authority in the country of origin.
• Insurance value (if applicable)

2. Proforma invoice for transport and Insurance Certificate if not provided by the supplier.

Sudan uses the BDV (Brussels definition of Value). Importers must present :

• An Import declaration.
• Commercial Certificate of Origin
• Quarantine License (where necessary)
• Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization (SSMO) requirements or other
• Documents for specific type of goods and complete Bank formalities

Importers must pay the required duties, taxes and fees and receive an official release order for the goods. Duties, taxes and fees are payable before releasing the goods except direct delivery goods.

Sudan has no mandatory Pre-shipment Inspection. Importers are advised to have Pre-shipment Inspection Certificate issued by International Cargo Inspectors registered by SSMO (Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization). Double check inspection might be conducted by the SSMO.

Sudan Import procedures

Sudan does not apply any quantitative import regulations. All goods can be imported to Sudan except those, which are prohibited by social values or security considerations.

The prohibited goods are:

• Alcoholic beverages
• Antiques
• Cheques, blank (N1)
• Furs
• Gambling equipments / playing cards
• Isoproponol
• Ivory
• Military equipment
• Perishables
• Precious metals and stones

Shipping Documents required:

Airfreight shipments – original documents:

• Airway bill
• Supplier Invoice
• Packing list
• IDF (from the importer)
• Importer’s identification number.
• Duties & Taxes Exemption Certificates, if any.
• Permit for import of food, agro products, drugs and pharmaceuticals

Sea freight shipments – original documents:

Bill of lading

• Supplier Invoice(s)
• Packing list
• IDF (from importer)
• Importer’s identification number.
• Duties & Taxes Exemption Certificates, if any.
• Permit for import of food, agro products, drugs and pharmaceuticals

Additional documents required for specific imports:

• Certificate of Origin
• Phytosanitary Certificates for imports of agricultural products
• Gift Certificates, if gifted to any organization eligible for duty free clearance
• Passport of the individual for clearance of personal effects
• Registration/ De-registration Card of country of origin of old/used vehicles

Export Regulations

Exportation in Sudan needs registration of the Exporter in Importers/Exporters Registry.

Sudan applies the harmonized system for classification of exports, as in the case of imports. Export rates are ad-valorem, the export duty is 10% on cotton and gum Arabic, while on other products it is 5%. All these rates are on FAS value. There is also 1%-2% quay duty for Sudan Seaport Corporation and 1% for Civil Aviation.

There are no quantitative or quota export restriction.

No license is required for export, except when there is no remittance, in which case an export license is issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and the Central Bank, and the sales contract need to be stamped by the Ministry of Foreign Trade.

Sudan has no indicative minimum export prices, which are based on the internal cost and world market prices. There are no voluntary export restrictions and no orderly market arrangements.

Sources:

http://savannahfreightinc.com/sudan-customs-procedure/#sthash.fOYM6haG.dpbs