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Exports

The main economic sectors of the Eritrean economy are services, agriculture and mining. The agricultural sector employs about 80% of the country's labor force. The main agricultural goods produced in Eritrea include fruits and vegetables, sorghum, wheat, millet, barley, sesame, beans, lentils, dairy products. Cattle, such as sheep, goats and camels, are also raised. The agricultural sector has improved due to the use of modern farming equipment and techniques.

Eritrea has a considerable amount of natural resources which include copper, gold, granite, marble, and potash. There is also an excellent potential for the extraction of ornamental marble and granite. However, it should be mentioned that most of the country's mineral deposits remain unexplored.

The manufacturing sector includes the production of processed foods, beverages, paper, textiles, leather, tobacco, chemicals, construction materials, metal products, matches and salt. Other industries include include cement production and commercial ship repair.

Eritrea also has a good potential for the developing of the oil industry, as it is supposed that there are significant oil deposits under the Red Sea.

Eritrea is the world's 166th largest exporter. The country exports fish and sea cucumbers from the Red Sea to European and Asian markets. Other exports include copper ore, coffee, precious stones, clothing, precious metal ore, cotton, aluminium, live animals, electronic equipment, iron and steel. Eritrea's main export partners are China, India, South Korea, Bulgaria and Egypt.

Customs requirements of Eritrea

Eritrea Customs Contacts

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Address: P.O. Box 190, Asmara

Phone: +291 127 108/ 127 838

Fax: +291 123 788

Eritrea is a country situated in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Sudan, Ethiopia and Djibouti. The country is a member of the African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Customs Organization (WCO) and other international organizations.

Tariffs

Eritrea is a member of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa and as a result applies the COMESA common external tariff (CET). The COMESA CET is based on a classification of goods with the following tariff rates:

- raw materials and capital goods - 0%

- intermediate goods - 10%

- finished goods - 25%

Sensitive products will be given differential treatment in terms of application of the CET.

Export and import procedure

As a first step to the long export process, an Eritrean exporter sends a proforma invoice to the target importer. The relevant Ministry then confirms the availability of the product to be exported before the exporter can give the final invoice to the importer.

The exporter then makes a contract agreement with the importer and thereafter opens a letter of credit with his/her bank using a copy of the proforma/final invoice. As a temporary measure, the exporter also deposits the equivalent of expected foreign exchange earnings to his/her bank.

Standards inspection is then undertaken by the Eritrean Standards institute; food/plant products are subject to a sanitary and phyto-sanitary inspection by Ministry of Agriculture.

For exports to COMESA, the Chamber of Commerce also issues the COMESA Certificate of Origin, after which the Ministry of Trade and Industry verifies all bank and other relevant documents before issuing an export permit.

All these documents are then taken to the customs office for final export clearance, after which the export consignment is transported to the importer.

All exports are required to have export permit.

Documents for import